plural z
Core Rule
The plural /z/ rule states that when a noun ends in a voiced sound or a vowel, the plural suffix -s / -es is pronounced /z/. This reflects natural voicing assimilation in English phonology.
Articulation Guide
To produce /z/, place the tongue close to the alveolar ridge without stopping airflow. Vocal cords vibrate, creating a smooth, voiced sound.
Word Analysis
- earnings /ˈɜːrnɪŋz/: ends in voiced /ŋ/, so -s → /z/.
- goods /ɡʊdz/: voiced /d/ triggers /z/.
- remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/: voiced /n/ leads to a clear /z/ ending.
Pitfall Alert
Avoid pronouncing /z/ as /s/. Note that these nouns are grammatically plural but often semantically collective.
Phonics Breakdown
Tongue near the alveolar ridge, continuous airflow, vocal cords vibrating.
Sound Reference
- Check voicing of the final sound before choosing /z/.
- Feel vocal cord vibration when practicing.
Common Mistakes
Pronouncing all plural -s as /s/.
Relying on spelling instead of sound.