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Other Patterns 23 words

past -ed

Core Rule

The -ed past tense marks regular verbs, but pronunciation follows sounds, not letters. Three patterns apply: /t/ after voiceless sounds, /d/ after voiced sounds or vowels, and /ɪd/ after /t/ or /d/.

Articulation Guide

/t/: tongue touches alveolar ridge, air released without voicing; /d/: same placement with voicing; /ɪd/: short /ɪ/ plus /d/.

Word Analysis

alleged ends in voiced /dʒ/ → /d/; coloured ends in voiced /r/ → /d/; conceited ends in /t/ → /ɪd/.

Pitfalls

Spelling variants (coloured/colored) don’t change sound rules; avoid reading every -ed as /ɪd/.

Phonics Breakdown

Hear final sound → check voicing → choose /t/, /d/, or /ɪd/; /ɪd/ adds a beat

Sound Reference

  • Decide by final sound, not spelling
  • Treat /ɪd/ as an extra syllable

Common Mistakes

Reading all -ed as /ɪd/
Ignoring voicing contrast

Example Words

alleged coloured conceited contented delighted disciplined disgusted distinguished excited extended

All Words (23)

alleged coloured conceited contented delighted disciplined disgusted distinguished excited extended granted handicapped heated hooked pointed polluted protected ragged shocked situated surprised tired wicked