consonant

Core Rule

Consonants are speech sounds produced with airflow obstruction. In English phonics, they form the structural frame of words and contrast by place of articulation and voicing.

Articulation Guide

Observe tongue placement, lip shape, and airflow. /b/ closes both lips then releases; /d/ uses the tongue tip at the alveolar ridge.

Word Analysis

bud highlights a voiced stop onset and a quick final /d/. civil requires a voiced fricative /v/ with light lip‑teeth contact. cord begins with a voiceless velar stop /k/.

Pitfalls

Watch soft vs. hard c/g and avoid confusing pairs like b–d or v–w.